Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies science image
Torrey Pines Institute for
Molecular Studies
3550 General Atomics Court, 2-129
San Diego, CA 92121-1122
USA
Scientists
Alan M. Kleinfeld
Member
Biophysics

858.455.3724 - phone
858.455.3739 - fax

Molecular Interactions and the Physiology of Fatty Acids

Our research focuses on how fatty acids (FA) interact with proteins, membranes, and cells of the immune system. What makes our work particularly exciting is that we are able to use our findings about the nature of molecular interactions at the atomic scale to address directly important questions about human disease.

Interaction of FA with FABPs

All of the areas that we study have benefited greatly from our development of a fluorescent probe that allows one to determine the concentration of FA in aqueous solution (FFA). This probe consists of a recombinant fatty acid binding protein (FABP) derivatized with the fluorescent reagent, acrylodan which is called ADIFAB. We are using ADIFAB to determine how FA bind to FABP by measuring the thermodynamics and kinetics of FA binding to a variety of native and site specific mutated FABPs [1-2]. We then attempt to explain these results in the framework of the known atomic structures for the FABPs with the help of molecular modeling methods.

Transmembrane Transport of FA

Fatty acids get across a cell membrane either by rapid flip-flop of FA through the lipid phase of the cell membrane or are facilitated by a membrane protein, which method fatty acids use is unknown. In our studies we have been using ADIFAB trapped inside of lipid vesicles or cells. This allows one, for the first time, to measure actual transport from the outside to inside aqueous phase and to do so under physiologic conditions. Our results indicate that FA can cross pure lipid membranes spontaneously, but it is not clear if this is fast enough for cells. It may be that a transport protein is required in cells, but apparently not in human red cells [3,4]. To determine the mechanism of transport in cells for which FA transport is important we have developed a method that allows FFA levels inside of cells to be imaged by ratio microscopy. This method is currently being used to investigate transport in fat and muscle cells.

The Role of FA in the Immune System

We have found that short-term exposure of cytotoxic-T-lymphocytes (CTL) to FA disrupts the CTL's signaling pathways, and ultimately prevents them from killing tumor cells [5]. What makes this a potentially important physiologic phenomenon is that tumor cells, but generally not normal cells, secrete large quantities of FA and this level of secretion is increased more than 10-fold when a CTL attacks a tumor cell [6]. This tumor cell release of FA may play a significant role in suppression of CTL-killing [5]. FA inhibition of CTL-mediated killing can be reversed once the FFA level is reduced. We are therefore investigating whether FFA levels are elevated in human tumors and, in animal models, whether appropriate therapies can reduce tumor FFA levels and thereby promote normal CTL activity.

Serum FFA levels may provide a sensitive and early indicator of human disease

A number of diseases including diabetes, cancer, sepsis, and ischemia can result in increased levels of serum FFA. Routine measurements of serum FFA have not been done because they are insensitive, time consuming, and expensive. With the development of ADIFAB it has become possible to measure serum FFA levels in seconds, using less than 0.03 ml of sample. Results from serum taken before and after patients received balloon angioplasty to treat coronary artery disease indicates that the acute ischemic insult resulting from balloon occlusion of the artery generates very large (>10-fold normal) increases in serum FFA [7,8]. The results of this study suggest that measurements of FFA using ADIFAB may provide an early indicator of ischemic disease and clinical studies are now in progress to test this possibility.

Key References. 1-12
  1. Richieri, G.V., Low, P.J., Ogata, R.T., and .Kleinfeld, A.M. 1999. Binding kinetics of engineered mutants provide insight about the pathway for entering and exiting the intestinal fatty acid binding protein. Biochemistry 38:5888.
  2. Richieri, G. V., R. T. Ogata, and A. M. Kleinfeld. 1992. A fluorescently labeled intestinal fatty acid binding protein; Interactions with fatty acids and its use in monitoring free fatty acids. J. Biol. Chem. 267:23495.
  3. Richieri, G. V., R. T. Ogata, and A. M. Kleinfeld. 1995. Thermodynamics of fatty acid binding to fatty acid-binding proteins and fatty acid partition between water and membranes measured using the fluorescent probe ADIFAB. J. Biol. Chem. 270:15076.
  4. Richieri, G. V., R. T. Ogata, and A. M. Kleinfeld. 1996. Kinetics of fatty acid interactions with fatty acid binding proteins from adipocyte, heart, and intestine. J. Biol. Chem. 271:11291.
  5. Richieri, G. V., P. J. Low, R. T. Ogata, and A. M. Kleinfeld. 1998. Thermodynamics of fatty acid binding to engineered mutants of the adipocyte and intestinal fatty acid binding proteins. J. Biol. Chem. 273:7397.
  6. Kleinfeld, A. M., P. Chu, and C. Romero. 1997. Transport of long chain native fatty acids across lipid bilayer membranes indicates that transbilayer flip-flop is rate limiting. Biochemistry 36:14146.
  7. Kleinfeld, A. M., S. Storms, and M. Watts. 1998. Transport of long chain fatty acids across human erthrocyte ghost membranes. Biochemistry 37:8011.
  8. Richieri, G. V., and A. M. Kleinfeld. 1990. Free fatty acids inhibit cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte mediated lysis of allogeneic target cells. J. Immunol. 145:1074.
  9. Anel, A., G. V. Richieri, and A. M. Kleinfeld. 1993. Membrane partition of fatty acids and inhibition of T cell function. Biochemistry 32:530.
  10. Anel, A., and A. M. Kleinfeld. 1993. Tyrosine phosphorylation of a 100 KD protein is correlated with cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte function: Evidence from cis unsaturated fatty acid and phenylarsine oxide inhibition. J. Biol. Chem. 268:17578.
  11. Richieri, G. V., and A. M. Kleinfeld. 1991. Free fatty acids are produced in and secreted from target cells very early in cytotoxic T lymphocyte-mediated killing. J. Immunol. 147:2809.
  12. Kleinfeld, A. M. 1993. The role of free fatty acids in CTL-target cell interactions. In Cytotoxic Cells: Generation, Triggering, Effector Functions, Methods. M. Sitkovsky, and P. Henkart, eds. Birkhauser, Boston, p. 321.
Publications
  1. Kampf, J.P., and Kleinfeld, A.M. Membrane transport of FFA mediated by lipid, protein, or both?-Point/Counterpoint. Physiology (Bethesda) 22:7-14, 2007.
  2. Huber, H.A., Kampf, J.P., Kwan, T., Zhu, B. and Kleinfeld, A.M. Fatty acid-specific fluorescent probes and their use in resolving mixtures of different unbound free fatty acids in equilibrium with albumin. Biochemistry 45 (48): 14263-14274, 2006.
  3. Kampf, J.P., Cupp, D., Kleinfeld, A.M. Different mechanisms of free fatty acid flip-flop and dissociation revealed by temperature and molecular species dependence of transport across lipid vesicles. J. Biol. Chem. 281 (30):21566-21574, 2006.
  4. Lechene, C., Hillion, F., McMahon, G., Benson, D., Kleinfeld, A.M., Kampf, J.P., Distel, D., Luyten, Y., Bonventre, J., Hentschel, D., Park, K.M., Ito, S., Schwartz, M., Benichou, G., and Slodzian, G. High-resolution quantitative imaging of mammalian and bacterial cells using stable isotope mass spectrometry. J.Biol. 5(6):20, 2006.
  5. Kleinfeld, A.M., Okada, C. Free fatty acid release from human breast cancer tissue inhibits cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-mediated killing. J. Lipid Res. 46:1983-1990, 2005.
  6. Yuvienco, J.M., Dizon, E.C., Kleinfeld, A.M., Anwar, M., Hiatt, M., and Hegyi, T. Umbilical cord unbound free fatty acid concentration and low apgar score. Am. J. Perinatology 22:429-436, 2005.
  7. Apple, F.S., Kleinfeld, A.M., Adams III, J. Unbound free fatty acid concentrations are increased in cardiac ischemia. Clin. Proteomics 1:41-44, 2004.
  8. Cupp, D., Kampf, J.P., Kleinfeld, A.M. Fatty acid-albumin complexes and the determination of the transport of long chain free fatty acids across membranes. Biochemistry 43:4473-4481, 2004.
  9. Kampf, J.P., Kleinfeld, A.M. Fatty acid transport in adipocytes monitored by imaging intracellular free fatty acid levels. J. Biol. Chem. 279:35775-35780, 2004.
  10. Kleinfeld, A.M., Kampf, J.P., Lechene, C. Transport of (13)C-oleate in adipocytes measured using multi imaging mass spectrometry. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 15:1572-1580, 2004.
  11. Demant, E.J., Richieri, G.V., Kleinfeld, A.M.. Stopped-flow kinetic analysis of long-chain fatty acid dissociation from bovine serum albumin. Biochem. J. 363:809-815, 2002.
  12. Weinberger, B., Carbone, T., England, S., Kleinfeld, A.M., Hiatt, M., Hegyi, T. Effects of perinatal hypoxia on serum unbound free fatty acids and lung inflammatory mediators. Biol. Neonate 79:61-66, 2001.
  13. Kleinfeld, A.M. Lipid phase fatty acid flip-flop, is it fast enough for cellular transport? J. Membrane Biol. 175:79-86, 2000.
  14. Richieri, G.V., Ogata, R.T., Zimmerman, A.W., Veerkamp, J.H., Kleinfeld, A.M. Fatty acid binding proteins from different tissues show distinct patterns of fatty acid interactions. Biochemistry 39:7197-7204, 2000.
  15. Richieri, G.V., Low, P.J., Ogata, R.T., Kleinfeld, A.M. Binding kinetics of engineered mutants provide insight about the pathway for entering and exiting the intestinal fatty acid binding protein. Biochemistry 38:5888-5895, 1999.
  16. Richieri, G.V., Ogata, R.T., Kleinfeld, A.M. Fatty acid interactions with native and mutant fatty acid binding proteins. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 192:77-85, 1999.
  17. Richieri, G.V., Ogata, R.T., Kleinfeld, A.M. The measurement of free fatty acid concentration with the fluorescent probe ADIFAB. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 192, 87-94, 1999.
  18. Kleinfeld, A.M., Storms, S., Watts, M. Transport of long chain fatty acids across human erythrocyte ghost membranes. Biochemistry 37:8011-8019, 1998.
  19. Richieri, G.V., Low, P.J., Ogata, R.T., Kleinfeld, A.M. Thermodynamics of fatty acid binding to engineered mutants of the adipocyte and intestinal fatty acid binding proteins. J. Biol. Chem. 273:7397-7405, 1998.
  20. Kleinfeld, A.M., Chu, P., Romero, C. Transport of long chain native fatty acids across lipid bilayer membranes indicates that transbilayer flip-flop is rate limiting. Biochemistry 36:14146-14158, 1997.
  21. Kleinfeld, A.M., Chu, P., Storch, J. Flip-flop is slow and rate limiting for the transbilayer transport of long chain AOFA. Biochemistry 36:5702-5711, 1997.
  22. Patel, M.N., Kleinfeld, A.M., Richieri, G.V., Ruben, S., Hiatt, M., Hegyi, T. Measurements of plasma concentrations of unbound free fatty acids in newborn infants. J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 16:81-84, 1997.
  23. Richieri, G.V., Low, P.J., Ogata, R.T., Kleinfeld, A.M. Mutants of rat intestinal fatty acid binding protein illustrate the critical role played by enthalpy-entropy compensation in ligand binding. J. Biol. Chem. 272:16737-16740, 1997.
  24. Ruben, S., Kleinfeld, A.M., Richieri, G.V., Hiatt, M., Hegyi, T. Serum levels of unbound free fatty acid II: The effect of intralipid adminstration in premature infants. J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 16:85-87, 1997.
  25. Anel, A., O'Rourke, A.M., Kleinfeld, A.M., Mescher, M.F. T cell receptor and CD8-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation events in cytotoxic T lymphocytes: activation of p56lck by CD8 binding to class I protein. Eur. J. Immunol. 26, 2310-2319, 1996.
  26. Kleinfeld, A.M., Prothro, D., Brown, D., Davis, R., Richieri,.G., DeMaria, A. Increases in serum unbound free fatty acid levels following coronary angioplasty. Am. J. Cardiol. 78:1350-1354, 1996.
  27. Richieri, G.V., Ogata, R.T., Kleinfeld, A.M. Kinetics of fatty acid interactions with fatty acid binding proteins from adipocyte, heart, and intestine. J. Biol. Chem. 271:11291-11300, 1996.
  28. Richieri, G.V., Ogata, R.T., Kleinfeld, A.M. Thermodynamics and kinetics of fatty acid interactions with rat liver fatty acid binding protein. J. Biol. Chem. 271:31068-31075, 1996.
  29. Anel, A., Mescher, M.F., Kleinfeld, A.M. Activated adhesion of CTL to MHC class I but not to fibronectin is inhibited by cis unsaturated fatty acids and PAO. J. Immunol. 155:1039-1046, 1995.
  30. Richieri, G.V., Kleinfeld, A.M. Continuous measurement of phospholipase A2 activity using the fluorescence probe ADIFAB. Anal. Biochem. 229:256-263, 1995.
  31. Richieri, G.V., Kleinfeld, A.M. Unbound free fatty acid levels in human serum. J. Lipid Res. 36:229-240, 1995.
  32. Richieri, G.V., Ogata, R.T., Kleinfeld, A.M. Thermodynamics of fatty acid binding to fatty acid-binding proteins and fatty acid partition between water and membranes measured with the fluorescence probe ADIFAB. J. Biol. Chem. 270:15076-15084, 1995.
  33. Anel, A., Richieri, G.V., Kleinfeld, A.M. A tyrosine phosphorylation requirement for cytotoxic T lymphocyte degranulation. J. Biol. Chem. 269:9506-9513, 1994.
  34. Kleinfeld, A.M. Fatty acid transport across membranes. In: Stability and permeability of lipid bilayers. S. Simon, ed. CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1994.
  35. Richieri, G.V., Ogata, R.T., Kleinfeld, A.M. Equilibrium constants for the binding of fatty acids with fatty acid binding proteins from adipocyte, intestine, heart, and liver; measured with the fluorescence probe ADIFAB. J. Biol. Chem. 269:23918-23930, 1994. 
  36. Anel, A., Kleinfeld, A.M. Tyrosine phosphorylation of a 100 kD protein is correlated with cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte function: Evidence from cis unsaturated fatty acid and phenylarsineoxide inhibition. J. Biol. Chem. 268:17578-17587, 1993.
  37. Anel, A., Richieri, G.V., Kleinfeld, A.M. Membrane partition of fatty acids and inhibition of T cell function. Biochemistry 32:530-536, 1993.
  38. Kleinfeld, A.M. The role of free fatty acids in CTL-target cell interactions. In: Cytototxic cells: Generation, recognition, effector functions, methods. M. Sitkovsky and P. Henkart, eds., Birkhauser, New York, 1993.
  39. Kleinfeld, A.M., Storch, J. Transfer of long chain fatty acids between small and large unilamellar vesicles. Biochemistry 32:2053-2061, 1993.
  40. Richieri, G.V., Anel, A., Kleinfeld, A.M. Interactions of long chain fatty acids and albumin: Determination of free fatty acid levels using the fluorescent probe ADIFAB. Biochemistry, 32:7574-7580, 1993.
  41. Richieri, G.V., Ogata, R.T., Kleinfeld, A.M. A fluorescently labeled intestinal fatty acid binding protein: Interactions with fatty acids and its use in monitoring free fatty acids. J. Biol. Chem. 267:23495-23501, 1992. 
  42. Richieri, G.V., Kleinfeld, A.M. Free fatty acids are produced in and secreted from target cells very early in cytotoxic T lymphocyte-mediated killing. J. Immunol. 147:2809-2815, 1991.
  43. Storch, J., Lechene, C., Kleinfeld, A.M. Direct determination of free fatty acid transport across the adipocyte plasma membrane using quantitative fluorescence microscopy. J. Biol. Chem. 266:13473-13476, 1991.
  44. Kleinfeld, A.M. Lipid and protein structure of biological membranes. In: Cellular Membrane Fusion (eds. Jan Wilschut and Dick Hoekstra) Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, pp 3-33, 1990.
  45. Kleinfeld, A.M. Transport of free fatty acids across membranes. In: Comments on Molecular and Cellular Biophysics 6:361-383, 1990.
  46. Richieri, G.V., Kleinfeld, A.M. Free fatty acids inhibit cytotoxic T lymphocyte mediated lysis of allogeneic target cells. J. Immunol. 145:1074-1077, 1990. 
  47. Richieri, G.V., Mescher, M.F., Kleinfeld, A.M. Short term exposure to cis unsaturated free fatty acids inhibits degranulation of cytotoxic-T-lymphocytes. J. Immunol. 144:671-677,1990.
  48. Richieri, G.V., Kleinfeld, A.M. Free fatty acid perturbation of transmembrane signalling in cytotoxic-T-lymphocytes. J. Immunol. 143:2302-2310, 1989. 
  49. Storch, J., Bass, N.M., Kleinfeld, A.M. Studies of the fatty acid binding site of rat liver fatty acid binding protein using fluorescent fatty acids. J. Biol. Chem. 264:8708-8713, 1989.
  50. Storch, J., Shulman, S.L., Kleinfeld, A.M. Plasma membrane lipid order and composition during adipocyte differentiation of 3T3 F442A cells: Studies in intact cells with TMA DPH. J. Biol. Chem. 264:10527-10533, 1989.
  51. Kleinfeld, A.M. Tertiary structure of membrane proteins determined by fluorescence resonance energy transfer. In: Spectroscopic Membrane Probes (ed. L. M. Loew) Vol 1, pp. 63-92, CRC Press Inc., Boca Raton, 1988.
  52. Kleinfeld, A.M. Current views of membrane structure. In: Current Topics in Membranes and Transport, vol 29 (eds. R.D. Klausner and J. von Renswoude) Academic Press, Orlando, 1987. 
  53. Boni, L.J., Connolly, A.J., Kleinfeld, A.M. Transmembrane disposition of gramicidin by energy transfer. Biophys. J. 49:122-123, 1986.
  54. Storch, J., Kleinfeld, A.M. Transfer of long chain fluorescent free fatty acids between unilamellar vesicles. Biochemistry 25:1717-1726, 1986. 
  55. Kleinfeld, A.M. Tryptophan imaging of membrane proteins. Biochemistry 24:1874-1882, 1985
  56. Kleinfeld, A.M., Lukacovic, M.F. Energy transfer study of cytochrome b5 using the anthroyloxy fatty acid membrane probes. Biochemistry 24:1883-1890, 1985.
  57. Storch, J., Kleinfeld, A.M. The lipid structure of biological membranes. Trends Biochem. Sci. 10:418-421, 1985.
  58. Cardoza, J.D., Kleinfeld, A.M., Stallcup, K.C., Mescher, M.F. Hairpin configuration of H-2Kk in liposomes formed by detergent dialysis. Biochemistry 23:4401-4409, 1984.
  59. Klausner, R.D., Kleinfeld, A.M. Lipid domains in membranes. In: Cell Surface Dynamics (eds. A.S. Perelson, C. Delise, and F.W.Wiegel) Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 23-58, 1984.
  60. Pjura, W.J., Kleinfeld, A.M., Karnovsky, M.J. Partition of fatty acids and fluorescent fatty acids into membranes. Biochemistry 23:2039-2043, 1984.
  61. Chalpin, D.B., Kleinfeld, A.M. Interaction of fluorescence quenchers with the n-(9-anthroyloxy) fatty acid membrane probes. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 731:465-474, 1983. 
  62. Uhlhorn, C.D., Gonsior, B., Wegner, D., Lieb, K.P., Wolter, H.H., Kleinfeld, A.M. Coulomb nuclear interference effects in the elastic and inelastic scattering of 16O and 18O on 70Ge. Z. Physik A 311:79-87, 1983.
  63. Karnovsky, M.J., Kleinfeld, A.M., Hoover, R.L., Dawidowicz, E.A., MacIntyre, D.E., Salzman, E.A., Klausner, R.D. Lipid domains in membranes. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 402:61-75, 1982. 
  64. Karnovsky, M.J., Kleinfeld, A.M., Hoover, R.L., Klausner, R.D. The concept of lipid domains in membranes. J. Cell Biol. 94:1-6, 1982.
  65. Pjura, W.J., Kleinfeld, A.M., Klausner, R.D., Karnovsky, M.J. Fatty acid perturbation of a membrane protein-lipid interaction: a Tb fluorescence study. Biophys. J. 37:69-71, 1982.
  66. Kleinfeld, A.M., Dragsten, P., Klausner, R.D., Pjura, W.J., Matayoshi, E.D. The lack of relationship between fluorescence polarization and lateral diffusion in biological membranes. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 649:471-480, 1981. 
  67. Matayoshi, E.D., Kleinfeld, A.M. Emission wavelength dependent decay of the 9-anthroyloxy-fatty acid membranes probes. Biophys. J. 35:215-235, 1981.
  68. Matayoshi, E.D., Kleinfeld, A.M. Emission wavelength dependent decay of the fluorescent probe N-phenyl-1-napthylamine. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 644:233-243, 1981.
  69. Klausner, R.D., Kleinfeld, A.M., Hoover, R.L., Karnovksy, M.J. Lipid domains in membranes: Evidence derived from structural perturbations induced by free fatty acids and lifetime heterogeneity analysis. J. Biol. Chem. 255:1286-1295, 1980. 
  70. Bockisch, A., Bharuth-Ram, K., Kleinfeld, A.M., Lieb, K.P. Reorientation effect measurements of even mercury isotopes. Z. Physik A 291:245, 1979.
  71. Bockisch, A., Bharuth-Ram, K., Kleinfeld, A.M., Lieb, K.P. Oblate shapes of 200, 202, 204Hg. Z. Physik A 289:231, 1979.
  72. Bockisch, A., Miller, M., Kleinfeld, A.M., Gelberg, A., Kaup, U. Reorientation effect measurements and multiple coulomb excitation of 102Ru. Z. Physik A 292:265, 1979. 
  73. Kleinfeld, A.M., Pandiscio, A., Solomon, A.K. A computer controlled fluorescence-titration device. Analytical Biochemistry 94:65-74, 1979.
  74. Bockisch, A., Baruth-Ram, K., Kleinfeld, A.M., Lieb, K.P. Reorientation effect measurements for even Hg isotopes. In: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference in Hyperfine Interactions, Madison, NJ, 1977. 
  75. Kleinfeld, A.M., Bockisch, A., Lieb, K.P. Reorientation effect and multiple coulomb excitation measurements of 134Ba. Nuclear Physics A 274:95, 1977.
  76. Samuel, M., Smilansky, U., Watson, B.A., Eisen, Y., Kleinfeld, A.M., Werdecker, D. Measurement of nuclear deformation parameters from elastic and inelastic scattering of 4He and 3H ions on Te isotopes. Nuclear Physics A 279:210-222. 1977.
  77. Bockisch, A., Dickers, J., Klein, W., Kleinfeld, A.M. An optical method for the precise determination of scattering angles in nuclear physics geometries. Nucl. Inst. and Methods 135:145-149, 1976.
  78. Bockisch, A., Kleinfeld, A.M. Reorientation effect measurements of 122Te and 130Te. Nuclear Physics A 261:498-510, 1976.
  79. Fahlander, C., Hasselgren, L., Thon, J.E., Bockisch, A., Kleinfeld, A.M., Gelberg, A., Lieb, K.P. A direct determination of the sign of the interference term in the coulomb excitation of 102Ru. Phys. Letts. 60B:347-350, 1976.
  80. Uhlhorn, C., Lange, K., Bockisch, A., Kleinfeld, A.M. Reorientation effect measurements of the even Mo isotopes. In: Proceedings of D.P.G., Wein, 1976. 
  81. Dauk, J., Lieb, K.P., Kleinfeld, A.M. Gamma radiation-following heavy ion reactions. Nuclear Physics A 242:170-188, 1975.
  82. Kleinfeld, A.M. Reorientation effect measurements of the vibrational nuclei. In: Problems of Vibrational Nuclei, eds. G. Alaga, V. Paar, and L. Sips., North Holland, 363-384, 1975.
  83. Kleinfeld, A.M., Lieb, K.P., Werdecker, D., Smilansky, U. Measurement of the quadruple moment of the first excited 2+ state of 18O. Phys. Rev. Letts. 35:1329-1332, 1975.
  84. Kleinfeld, A.M., Maggi, G., Werdecker, D. Reorientation effect measurements in 124Te and 128Te. Nuclear Physics A 243:342-355, 1975.
  85. Uhrmacher, M., Dauk, J., Wust, N., Lieb, K.P., Kleinfeld, A.M. The gamma decay of high spin states of 39K. Z. Physik, A 272:403-411, 1975.
  86. Uhrmacher, M., Gelberg, A., Brandoline, F., Kleinfeld, A.M., Lieb, K.P. Perturbed angular distributions of 41Ca and 42Ca. Phys. Letts. 56B:247-249, 1975.
  87. Wust, N., Uhrmacher, M., Dauk, J., Lieb, K.P., Kleinfeld, A.M. Lifetime measurements in 42Ca. J. of Phys. G. Nucl. Phys. 1:57-66, 1975.
  88. Lieb, K.P., Uhrmacher, M., Dauk, T., Kleinfeld, A.M. Lifetime measurements of states in 41Ca and 41K. Nuclear Physics A 223:445-461, 1974.
  89. Ulhorn, C.D., Gonsior, B., Roth, M., Wilde, R., Kleinfeld, A.M., Lieb, K.P. Inelastic scattering of 16O and 18O on 70Ge near the coulomb barrier. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Reactions Between Complex Nuclei, Nashville, TN, 1974. 
  90. Kleinfeld, A.M., Werdecker, D. Quadropole moments of the first 2+ states of 124Te, 126Te and 128T. Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, 34:440-441, 1973.
  91. Werdecker, D., Kleinfeld, A.M., Greenberg, J.S. Elastic and inelastic 4He scattering on the even Cd isotopes near the coulomb barrier. Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 34:195-196, 1973.
  92. Ambros, R., Kleinfeld, A.M. Equilibrium charge state distributions of oxygen and sulfur ions in the carbon stripper of a tandem accelerator. Nucl. Inst. and Methods 99:173-177, 1972.
  93. Berant, Z., Eisenstein, R.A., Greenberg, J.S., Horowitz, Y., Smilansky, U., Tandon, P.N., Kleinfeld, A.M., Maggi, H.G. The reorientation effect in 110Cd and 114Cd. Nuclear Physics A 196:312-336, 1972. 
  94. Speidel, K.J., Doubt, H.A., Fechner, J.B., Hagemeyer, K., Kleinfeld, A.M. Hyperfine interactions of Pt nuclei recoling into helium and vacuum. Nuclear Physics A 185:403-412, 1972.
  95. Berant, Z., Eisenstein, R.A., Greenberg, J.S., Horowitz, Y., Smilansky, U., Tandon, P.N., Kleinfeld, A.M., Maggi, H.G. Investigation of the reorientation effect in 110Cd and 114Cd. Phys. Rev. Lett. 27:110-113, 1971. 
  96. Kleinfeld, A.M., Covello-Moro, R., Ogata, H., Seaman, G.G., Steadman, S.G., de Boer, J. Reorientation measurements in 116Sn and 124Sn. Nuclear Physics A 154:499-512,1970.
  97. Kleinfeld, A.M., Rogers, J.D., Gastebois, J., Steadman, S.G., de Boer, J. Reorientation effect measurements in 106,114Cd. Nuclear Physics A 158:81-87, 1970.
  98. Steadman, S.G., Kleinfeld, A.M., Seaman, G.G., de Boer, J., Ward, D. Reorientation effect in the cadmium isotopes. Nuclear Physics A 155:1-20, 1970.
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