Dr. Levin completed his undergraduate studies at Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania in 1973 and his M.S. at Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, both in microbiology. He earned his Ph.D. in biochemistry from the University of California, Irvine in 1977. From 1971 — 1973, Dr. Levin served as a Research Assistant at the National Jewish Hospital Research Institute in Denver, Colorado and completed his postdoctoral studies in the Department of Immunology at the Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation in La Jolla, California. For 20 years, Dr. Levin held numerous positions at the Scripps Clinic and the Scripps Research Institute — Research Associate in the Scripps Clinic's Department of Immunology, Assistant Member in the Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, and then from 1990 — 1999, Associate Professor in the Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine at TSRI. From 1999-2005, Dr. Levin was a Professor in the Vascular Biology Division at the La Jolla Institute for Molecular Medicine. In 2004, through his research on macular degeneration, Dr. Levin founded Motility Incorporated, San Diego, California and continues to serve as its President. He has been a member of TPIMS since 2005.

Honors and Awards

• University of California Regents Fellowship, 1973-1974.
• NIH Predoctoral Fellowship, 1974 — 1977.
• Southern California Hemophilia Foundation Fellowship, 1977-1978.
• American Heart Association, California Affiliate, Advanced Postdoctoral Fellowship, 1979 — 1982.
• American Heart Association, Established Investigator Award, 1989 — 1994.

1. Miles LA, Levin EG, Plecia J, Collen D and Plow EF. Plasminogen receptors, urokinase receptors and their modulation on human endothelial cells. Blood 72:628-635, 1988.
2. Santell L and Levin EG. Cyclic AMP potentiates phorbol ester stimulation of tPA release and inhibits secretion of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 from human endothelial cells. J Biol Chem 263:16802-16808, 1988.
3. Park S, Harker LA, Marzec UM and Levin EG. Demonstration of single chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator on human platelet membrane. Blood 73:1421-1425, 1989.
4. Miles LA, Fless GM, Levin EG, Scanu AM and Plow EF: A potential basis for the thrombotic risks associated with lipoprotein (a). Nature 339:301-303, 1989.
5. Idell S, James KK, Levin EG, Schwartz BS, Manchanda N, Maunder RT, Martin TR, McLarty J and Fair DS. Local abnormalities in coagulation and fibrinolytic pathway predispose to alveolar fibrin deposition in the adult respiratory distress syndrome. J Clin Invest 84:695-705, 1989.
6. Levin EG, Marotti KR and Santell L. Protein kinase C and the stimulation of tissue plasminogen activator release from human endothelial cells: Dependence on the elevation of messenger RNA. J Biol Chem 261:16030-16036, 1989.
7. Miles LA, Dahlbert CM, Levin EG and Plow EF. Gangliosides interact directly with plasminogen and urokinase and may mediate binding of these fibrinolytic components to cells. Biochemistry 28:9337-9343, 1989.
8. Levin EG, Marotti KR and Santell L. Regulation of tissue plasminogen activator secretion from human endothelial cells. In: Festoff BW (ed), Serine Proteases and Their Serpins in the Nervous System: Regulation on Development, Degenerative, and Malignant Diseases, Plenum Press, 1990, pp 31-38.
9. Levin EG and Santell L. Thrombin and histamine-induced signal transduction in human endothelial cells: Stimulation and agonist-dependent desensitization of protein phosphorylation. J Biol Chem 266:174-181, 1991.
10. Hanano M, Chapman D, Fici GJ, Berger AE, Erickson LA and Levin EG. Detection of specific forms of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 by monoclonal antibodies. Fibrinolysis 5:109-116, 1991.
11. Levin EG and Santell L. Partial down-regulation of endothelial cell responsiveness to interleukin-1. J Immunol 146:3772-3778, 1991.
12. Madden RM, Levin EG and Marlar RA. Thrombin and thrombin-thrombomodulin complex interaction with plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1. Blood Coag Fibrinol 2:471-476, 1991.
13. Felez J, Chanquia CJ, Levin EG, Miles LA and Plow EF. Binding of tissue plasminogen activator to human monocytes and monocytoid cells. Blood 78:2318-2327, 1991.
14. Santell L, Bartfeld N and Levin EG. Identification of a protein phosphorylated by activators of endothelial cell function as the mammalian heat shock protein HSP27. Biochem J 284:705-710, 1992.
15. Santell L, Marotti K, Bartfeld NS, Baynham P and Levin EG. Disruption of microtubules inhibits the stimulation of tissue plasminogen activator expression and promotes plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 expression in human endothelial cells. Exp Cell Res 201:358-365, 1992.
16. Medh RD, Santell L and Levin EG. Stimulation of tissue plasminogen activator production by retinoic acid: Synergistic effect on protein kinase C mediated activation. Blood 80:981-987, 1992.
17. Levin EG, Santell L and Saljooque F: Hyperosmotic stress stimulates tissue plasminogen activator expression: Evidence for a protein kinase C independent mechanism. Am J Physiol 265 (Cell Physiol 34):C387-C396, 1993.
18. Santell L, Rubin RL and Levin EG: Enhanced phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of a histone-like protein in response to hyperosmotic and hypoosmotic conditions. J Biol Chem 268:21443-21447, 1993.
19. Levin EG, Miles LA, Fless GM, Scanu AM, Baynham P, Curtiss LK and Plow EF: Lipoproteins inhibit the secretion of tissue plasminogen activator from human endothelial cells. Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis 14:438-442, 1994.
20. Levin EG, del Zoppo GJ: Localization of tissue plasminogen activator in the endothelium of a limited number of vessels. Am J Pathol 144:855-861, 1994.
21. Piotrowicz RS, Weber LA, Hickey E and Levin EG. Accelerated growth and senescence of arterial endothelial cells expressing the small molecular weight heat shock protein, HSP27. FASEB J 9:1079-1084, 1995.
22. Levin EG: Gene expression and function of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). In: Fibrinolysis in Disease: Molecular Biology of the Chief Regulators of the Fibrinolytic/Proteolytic Enzyme Systems. Edited by P. Glas-Greenwalt, CRC Press, pp. 1-9, 1995.
23. Li S, Piotrowicz RS, Levin EG, Shyy YJ and Chien S. Fluid shear stress induces the phosphorylation of small heat shock proteins in vascular endothelial cells. Am J Physiology: Cell Physiol, 271:C994, 1996.
24. Levin EG and Osborn KG. The expression of endothelial tissue plasminogen activator in vivo: A function defined by vessel size and anatomic location. J Cell Sci, 11:139-148, 1997.
25. Piotrowicz RS, Martin JL, Dillman WH and Levin EG. The 27 kD heat shock protein facilitates basic-fibroblast growth factor release from endothelial cells. J Biol Chem, 272:7042-7047,1997.
26. Piotrowicz RS and EG Levin. 1997. Baso-lateral membrane-associated heat shock protein 27 kDa and microfilament polymerization. J Biol Chem, 272:25920-25927, 1997.
27. Piotrowicz RS and Levin EG. Heat shock protein 27 kDa expression and phosphorylation regulates endothelial cell migration. FASEB J, 12:1481-1490, 1998.
28. Santell L, Marotti KR and Levin EG. Targeting of tissue plasminogen activator into the regulated secretory pathway of neuroendocrine cells. Brain Research, 816(1):258-265, 1998.
29. Piotrowicz RS, Maher PA and EG Levin. Dual Activities of 22-24 kDa Basic-Fibroblast Growth Factor: Inhibition of Migration and Stimulation of Proliferation. J Cell Physiol,178(2):144-153, 1999.
30. Levin EG, Banka CL and Parry GCN. Progressive and Transient Expression of Tissue Plasminogen Activator During Fetal Development. Arterioscl Thromb Vasc Biol 20(6):1668-1674, 2000.
31. Piotrowicz RS, L Ding, P Maher and EG Levin. Inhibition of cell migration by 24kD FGF-2 is dependent upon the estrogen receptor. J Biol Chem 276:3963-70, 2001.
32. Ding, L., Donate F, Parry GCN, Maher PA, and Levin EG. Inhibition of cell migration and angiogenesis by the amino terminal end of 24kD basic fibroblast growth factor. J Biol Chem, 277:31056-31061, 2002
33. Levin EG, Sikora L, Ding L, and Sriramarao P. Inhibition of tumor cell migration by a truncated form of 24kDa FGF-2 leads to suppression of tumor growth and angiogenesis in vivo. Am J Pathology, 164:1183-1190,2004.
34. Pham NL, Franzen A, Levin EG. NF1 regulatory element functions as a repressor of tissue plasminogen activator expression. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 24(5):982-7, 2004.
35. Levin E. Cancer Therapy Through Control of Cell Migration, Curr Cancer Drug Targets. 7:505-18, 2005.